ALT Infrastructure SA — Fiber Connectivity Feasibility Study

01

Executive Summary

This feasibility study evaluates the telecommunications infrastructure available to support the ALTER GPU CENTER PSA AI Factory — a hyperscale-grade GPU data center campus operating at 160 MW of utility capacity — to be developed at ul. Metalowa, Stargard, Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, Poland.

The campus is designed to host approximately 512 NVIDIA Vera Rubin NVL72 racks distributed across 8 data halls, with rack-level power density exceeding 250 kW per rack and a full Direct-to-Chip liquid-cooling architecture throughout. The traffic profile of this workload combines extremely high east-west intra-campus GPU fabric traffic with bursty, latency-sensitive north-south egress for inference serving and inter-site training replication — placing demanding requirements on the external connectivity layer.

This study reviews the regional backbone landscape, carrier accessibility, duct routing options from adjacent public corridors, existing infrastructure within the Park Przemysłowy Nowoczesnych Technologii (PPNT), international route diversity via the Szczecin–Berlin and Szczecin–Poznań corridors, and the indicative cost and timeline required to achieve a carrier-diverse, fully resilient connectivity design suitable for sovereign AI, hyperscaler-leased capacity, and GPU-as-a-Service workloads.

Study Partner

Netia

netia.pl ↗

Netia is Poland's largest alternative and second-largest overall fixed-line telecommunications operator, providing B2B, enterprise, and wholesale services on one of the country's most extensive fiber backbones. The network spans approximately 50,000 km of fiber across more than 100 Polish cities, reaches over 800 A-class office buildings, and supports carrier-grade data transmission from 2 Mbps up to 100 Gbps with international peering in Frankfurt (Equinix), Berlin, and Prague. As the fixed-line arm of the Polsat Plus Group, Netia also operates five professional data centers offering colocation, cloud, and cybersecurity services.

~50,000 km

Fiber Network (Poland #2)

100+

Polish Cities Served

2,000+

Wholesale & ISP Customers

800+

A-Class Office Buildings

Credentials & Recognition

Founded 1990; listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (ticker: NET, ISIN PLNETIA00014) since 2000.

Subsidiary of Cyfrowy Polsat S.A. / Polsat Plus Group since 2018, fully consolidated in 2021.

First Polish operator to deploy DWDM with GMPLS self-healing; backbone includes 220+ DWDM nodes and 15 CDC-F core nodes supporting >1 Tb/s optical channels.

~40,000 km national fiber backbone plus 23,000 km of metropolitan fiber networks across the country.

ISO/IEC 27001:2022, ISO/IEC 27017, and ISO/IEC 27018 certified (recertified July 2025); fully DORA-compliant.

Operates 5 professional data centers offering colocation, cloud, and cybersecurity services to enterprise customers.

Headline Conclusions

Stargard occupies an advantaged position between the Szczecin metro interconnection cluster and the Berlin fiber hub — approximately 160–170 km by road — with achievable optical round-trip latency of under 2 ms to Berlin.
The PPNT campus (approximately 850 ha on the former Kluczewo airfield) is fully serviced with water, gas, MV/HV power, and an established telecommunications duct corridor; 30+ industrial tenants including Bridgestone, Cargotec, Klippan, Lidl, and Radiometer are already active and connected.
Five national carriers operate fiber infrastructure in or directly adjacent to Stargard: Orange Polska, Netia, T-Mobile Polska, Exatel, and Hawe Telekom. International and wholesale transit is accessible via euNetworks, RETN, EXA Infrastructure, Tata Communications, and Arelion, with handoffs available in Szczecin (DataSpace, 3S) and Berlin (Interxion, NTT, Equinix).
Two physically diverse fiber entrances can be engineered from Day 1: an Eastern entry via ul. Metalowa / ul. Fabryczna municipal duct, and a Western/Southern entry routed along the S10 expressway corridor and the PKP Szczecin–Poznań railway reserve.
Indicative total external telecom capital expenditure for a fully carrier-diverse campus design — covering two diverse entries, dual meet-me rooms, dark fiber pairs to Szczecin, and 400G lit uplinks — is estimated at €3.5–5.5 million, with operational readiness achievable within 9–12 months from carrier engagement.

Feasibility Verdict

Conditionally Suitable

The site meets all structural criteria for a Tier III / SLA 99.999% carrier-neutral connectivity design. Final viability is conditional on: (i) formal route engagement with at least two long-haul carriers, (ii) confirmation of physically diverse civil access on the western/southern approach, including necessary easements and rights-of-way, and (iii) alignment of carrier delivery schedules with the overall construction timeline, targeting energization in Q4 2026 – Q1 2027.

02

Study Purpose

1

Identify backbone fiber routes, metro access points, and dark-fiber infrastructure in the immediate and wider vicinity of ul. Metalowa, Stargard, and map carrier presence against the campus site boundary.

2

Evaluate the feasibility of establishing at least two physically diverse, carrier-neutral entrance paths to the campus, with verified geographic separation of no less than 20 metres along the entire final approach to the building entry.

3

Assess route diversity and single-point-of-failure risk across the final approach, regional POP aggregation, and international backhaul, identifying residual risks requiring mitigation.

4

Provide an indicative cost envelope and delivery schedule for bringing fiber capacity to the campus and for constructing the on-site telecom entrance and meet-me-room (MMR) architecture.

5

Inform commercial positioning relative to hyperscaler tenants — who routinely require contractually verified route diversity — and the Sovereign AI / EuroHPC consortium frameworks where connectivity resilience is a qualifying criterion.

6

Support regulatory filings including the PSI Decision, GBER new-investment compliance documentation, and KSSE progress reporting, where telecom infrastructure readiness serves as a supporting criterion.

03

Project Description

The telecom requirements of this project are shaped by its scale — one of the largest AI-oriented data center builds planned in Central-Eastern Europe — and by the specific traffic profile of NVIDIA Vera Rubin NVL72 clusters, which combine very high east-west intra-campus fabric traffic with bursty, latency-sensitive north-south egress for inference and inter-site training replication.

Parameter	Value
Project name	AI Factory GPU Data Center
Operator (SPV)	ALTER GPU CENTER Prosta Spółka Akcyjna KRS 0001195647 · NIP 7252359477
Parent	ALT Infrastructure SA (Switzerland)
Address	ul. Metalowa, 73-110 Stargard woj. zachodniopomorskie
Cadastral parcels	96/124, 96/125, 96/126, 96/128, 96/129, 96/130, 96/160 Total: 5.4269 ha
Campus gross area	54,274 m² site / 26,960 m² built
Data halls	8 halls × ~2,500 m² each
Rack count (target)	~512 NVIDIA Vera Rubin NVL72 racks 8 halls × 64 racks, scaled buildout
Rack density	~264 kW per rack (full liquid-cooled DLC)
Planned IT capacity (Phase 1)	~120 MW IT
Total utility capacity	160 MW (existing 110 kV connection)
Facility type	Hyperscale / GPU-as-a-Service / Sovereign AI / HPC
Target availability	SLA 99.999% (Tier III equivalent, 2N UPS)
Expected commissioning	Q2 2027 (full commercial operations)
Zoning (MPZP)	Uchwała LXII/620/2024 Rady Miasta Stargard technology investments designation
SEZ status	100% within Pomorska SSE Decision 17/2026 administered by Kostrzyńsko-Słubicka SSE
Target customer mix	Hyperscalers ~55% · GPUaaS ~35% · Sovereign AI ~5% · HPC/Research ~5%

04

Site Connectivity Objectives

The telecom architecture is designed to support a 99.999% availability SLA and to meet the technical and commercial requirements of all four targeted customer segments. The following criteria define the minimum acceptable connectivity design:

(a) Minimum two physically diverse fiber entry routes from Day 1 of commercial operations, with verified geographic separation of no less than 20 metres along the entire final approach to the building entry, eliminating any shared conduit or duct section.
(b) Architectural capacity to scale to four or more diverse carrier paths by end of Q1 2027 — corresponding to the 160 MW full buildout — without requiring additional civil excavation works on the external approach.
(c) Fully carrier-neutral meet-me-room (MMR) design incorporating dual, fire-separated rooms capable of accommodating 10 or more carriers in a colocation-style arrangement, with cross-connect infrastructure to support on-net interconnection.
(d) Direct access to domestic backbone providers (Orange Polska, Netia, Exatel, Hawe Telekom, PIONIER for research) and to international transit operators (euNetworks, RETN, EXA Infrastructure, Tata Communications, Arelion, Cogent), all accessible without mandatory transit through a third-party data center.
(e) Low-latency connectivity targets (round-trip fiber path): Szczecin <1 ms, Berlin <2 ms, Poznań ~1.5 ms, Warsaw <4 ms, Frankfurt <5 ms, Amsterdam <7 ms, Stockholm <10 ms via Baltic submarine extensions — all well within thresholds required for inference, fine-tuning, and inter-DC replication workloads.
(f) Oversized duct bank and spare conduit capacity provisioned from Day 1: minimum 4 × 110 mm conduits per entrance route, supplemented by 24 × 40 mm microduct bundles, enabling future carrier additions without civil disruption.
(g) Cloud on-ramp capability supporting direct interconnects to AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, and Oracle Cloud — via Szczecin exchange points in the short term and via dedicated wavelength services to Warsaw Equinix WA1/WA2 in the long term.
(h) Full compliance with the NIS2 Directive (EU 2022/2555) cybersecurity and resilience requirements applicable to critical digital infrastructure operators across the European Union.

05

Latency Targets

The following round-trip fiber-path latency estimates reflect achievable targets based on known route distances and optical propagation characteristics. All values assume dedicated dark fiber or wavelength services on the most direct physically available route.

Round-Trip Fiber-Path Latency · Key European Markets

06

Regional Backbone Context

Three dominant fiber corridors define the regional telecommunications landscape and determine Stargard's connectivity position within the broader European network topology:

I

Szczecin–Berlin Corridor — Crossing the Poland–Germany border at Kołbaskowo/Pomellen, this corridor carries the primary cross-border data exchange between the Szczecin metropolitan cluster and the Berlin/Frankfurt IXP complex. Principal operators on this route include euNetworks, RETN, EXA Infrastructure, Arelion (formerly Telia Carrier), Level3/Lumen, and Cogent. Multiple wavelength and dark fiber products are commercially available at this corridor from Szczecin handoff points at DataSpace and 3S.

II

Szczecin–Poznań Corridor — Follows the A6/S10/S3/A2 expressway and the PKP Szczecin Główny – Stargard – Krzyż – Poznań Główny main railway line. This corridor carries domestic backbone traffic from all major Polish national operators: Orange Polska, Netia, Exatel, and Hawe Telekom. Notably, RETN operates a 780 km Berlin–Poznań–Warsaw dark fiber route lit in 2023, providing additional international diversity via this corridor for east-west traffic flows.

III

Stargard–Szczecin Local Corridor — The northbound link from Stargard toward Szczecin runs approximately 40 km along the DK10/A6 national road and the PKP rail reserve, connecting the campus to the Szczecin metro aggregation layer. This corridor is the primary first-mile path for both eastern and western campus entry routes and aggregates to the Thinx exchange point (~40 km, Szczecin) as the nearest internet exchange facility.

07

Carrier Presence

The following carriers have been identified as operating fiber infrastructure in or directly adjacent to Stargard, or as offering wholesale capacity accessible via Szczecin handoff points within the regional corridor:

Domestic Carriers · Poland

Orange Polska

Tier-1 national backbone operator. Fiber presence along Szczecin–Stargard–Poznań corridor on DK10/S10/A2 route. Wholesale dark fiber and wavelength products available.

Netia

Metro and national backbone operator. Presence in Szczecin metro with regional extension toward Stargard industrial zone. Ethernet and IP transit products available.

T-Mobile Polska

Fiber and mobile backbone operator. National fiber backbone with metro presence in Szczecin. Wholesale backhaul and dark fiber products available for wholesale customers.

Exatel

State-controlled wholesale backbone operator serving critical national infrastructure. Presence on key national trunk routes including the Szczecin–Warsaw corridor.

Hawe Telekom

Wholesale-only long-haul backbone operator. Extensive fiber infrastructure along major expressways and railway reserves in north-western Poland.

International Transit

euNetworks

Pan-European dark fiber and bandwidth infrastructure provider. Extensive presence on Szczecin–Berlin corridor with handoff capacity in Szczecin and Berlin data centers.

RETN

Operates a 780 km Berlin–Poznań–Warsaw dedicated dark fiber route (commercially lit 2023), crossing the Stargard/Szczecin region and providing direct diversity for east-west traffic.

EXA Infrastructure

Pan-European long-haul fiber and wavelength provider. Capacity available via Szczecin and Berlin handoff points for transit toward Western European IXPs.

Tata Communications

Global Tier-1 transit provider with European backbone infrastructure and presence in Berlin and Frankfurt interconnection hubs, accessible via Szczecin cross-connects.

Arelion (formerly Telia Carrier)

Global Tier-1 backbone operator. Northern European backbone with capacity on the Stockholm–Berlin corridor transiting through the Szczecin region.

Cogent

Global IP transit and optical transport provider. European backbone accessible via Berlin and Frankfurt data center handoff points for high-volume IP transit.

Nearest IXPs

Szczecin · Thinx

~40 km

Berlin · BCIX / DE-CIX

~170 km

Frankfurt · DE-CIX

~700 km

08

Fiber Entry Strategy

A dual-path diverse entry strategy is required from Day 1 to support the 99.999% availability SLA. Two physically separated approaches have been identified as engineering-feasible without requiring third-party land acquisition on the primary approach sections:

Path A

Eastern Entry

Route: ul. Metalowa / ul. Fabryczna via municipal duct corridor
Access point: Eastern perimeter of campus boundary
Aggregation: Northbound to Szczecin metro via DK10 national road (~40 km fiber)

Duct

4 × 110mm + 24 × 40mm microducts

Type

Municipal conduit

Path B

Western / Southern Entry

Route: S10 expressway corridor and PKP Szczecin–Poznań rail reserve
Access point: Western/Southern perimeter — opposing approach for full geographic diversity
Aggregation: To Szczecin metro via railway corridor; dual path toward Berlin/Poznań

Duct

4 × 110mm + 24 × 40mm microducts

Type

Expressway / railway reserve

Design Requirements

Geographic separation ≥20 m enforced along the entire final approach, including the last 500 m before campus boundary. Dual MMR rooms, fully fire-separated, each rated for 10+ carrier terminations. All carrier cross-connects served via diverse internal fiber ring connecting both MMR rooms to all 8 data halls.

09

Cost & Timeline Envelope

The following indicative cost parameters apply to a fully carrier-diverse campus design encompassing two physically diverse entries, dual meet-me rooms, initial dark fiber pairs to the Szczecin hub, and lit uplink provisioning. Figures may vary ±20% based on final route selection and carrier commercial dynamics.

Total External Telecom CAPEX

€3.5 – 5.5 M

Fully carrier-diverse design covering all external scope items listed below. Variance ±20% subject to route survey outcomes and carrier competitive dynamics.

Dark Fiber — 2 Pairs to Szczecin

Component of CAPEX

Diverse routing required; two separate carrier paths, each delivering a protected fiber pair to Szczecin aggregation hub. IRU or long-term lease structure preferred.

400G Lit Uplinks

2 × uplinks

Primary transit paths for immediate operational capacity. Day-1 connectivity requirement. Scalable to 800G with coherent optics upgrade on same fiber infrastructure.

MMR Build

Included in CAPEX

Dual fire-separated meet-me rooms, each accommodating 10+ carrier terminations, with full cross-connect infrastructure and redundant power feeds from dedicated UPS chain.

Operational Readiness

9 – 12 months

From formal carrier engagement kickoff to first live fiber service delivery. Timeline is gating factor for Q2 2027 commissioning; carrier engagement must commence no later than Q2 2026.

Carrier Engagement — Prerequisite

NDAs + Route Surveys

Bilateral NDAs with minimum 2 long-haul carriers required before formal route survey and commercial offer phase. Recommended immediate next step following study approval.

10

Information Base & Gap Analysis

The table below summarises the information available to support this feasibility assessment and identifies items requiring further data gathering or formal survey work prior to detailed civil design and procurement.

Information Item	Status	Source / Next Action
Site coordinates and cadastral map	Available	KRS / księga wieczysta SZ1T/00111729/0; confirmed in KSSE Decision 17/2026
Campus masterplan and building placement	Available	Business Plan v4; architectural concept GPU Center AI Factory
Adjacent roads / utility easements / rights-of-way	Partial	Municipal GIS to be formally requested from UM Stargard
Existing telecom chambers, ducts, poles	To survey	Requires formal site survey + UKE geodata query; not yet commenced
Local carrier POP inventory	Partial	Retail operators known; wholesale POP locations pending NDA disclosure
Distance to Szczecin aggregation node	Estimated	~40 km via DK10 / A6 / PKP corridor; requires route survey to confirm fiber path
Distance to major IXPs	Estimated	Szczecin (Thinx) ~40 km; Berlin (BCIX/DE-CIX) ~170 km; Frankfurt (DE-CIX) ~700 km
Customer profile (cloud / AI / research)	Defined	Business Plan v4: Hyperscaler + GPUaaS + Sovereign AI + HPC mix confirmed
PKN / KSR geodetic survey reports	To commission	Required for civil works design under Polish law (Art. 11d Prawa budowlanego)

11

Risk & Conditionality

(a) Carrier engagement risk: The overall feasibility verdict remains conditional on securing formal route commitments from a minimum of two long-haul carriers. Until bilateral NDAs and route surveys are completed, the CAPEX envelope and delivery timeline remain indicative only.
(b) Civil access risk: The western/southern approach via the S10 expressway corridor and PKP railway reserve requires formal confirmation of diverse civil access rights, including easements (służebność przesyłu) and any consents required from PKP PLK as rail infrastructure manager.
(c) Schedule alignment: Carrier fiber delivery must be synchronised with the overall construction timeline. Campus energization is planned for Q4 2026 – Q1 2027; carrier engagement must commence no later than Q2 2026 to avoid a connectivity-driven delay to the Q2 2027 commercial operations date.
(d) Legal due diligence: Easements and rights-of-way across third-party land parcels on either approach route require formal legal review under Polish civil law. This is a prerequisite to the civil-design package and should be commissioned in parallel with carrier NDA execution.
(e) Survey dependency: The detailed civil-design package cannot be finalised until geodetic surveys (PKN/KSR) and UKE telecom infrastructure data are obtained. Formal survey commissioning is recommended as an immediate next action.
(f) Commercial variance: The indicative CAPEX envelope of €3.5–5.5 M may vary by up to ±20% based on final route selection, actual fiber distance, civil works complexity, and the outcome of competitive carrier negotiations for dark fiber and wavelength products.

—

Study Approvals

This technical feasibility study has been prepared by the engineering team of ALT Infrastructure SA and reviewed by executive leadership. Acknowledgement of this study confirms receipt and review of its contents. This document is preliminary and subject to revision as carrier engagement and engineering processes advance.

Fully executed · 2 of 2 acknowledgements collected

Prepared by

Wojtek Góralski

Signed · 15 March 2026

Wojtek Góralski

VP of Infrastructure · ALT Infrastructure SA

TECHNICAL AUTHOR

Reviewed & Acknowledged by

Filip Majchrowski